Health and welfare
From medieval plague-control measures to the foundation of the NHS, our records trace the state’s activities to keep its citizens healthy and safe. They can also reveal the activities of ordinary individuals and groups seeking help and agency over their own wellbeing.
Health and welfare highlights in pictures
Stories from the collection
The story of The foundation of the NHS
Read about The foundation of the NHS
Explore the foundations of the NHS, one of Britain's most well-known and loved institutions.
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Sophia Jex-Blake, pioneer of women's medicine
Sophia Jex-Blake (1840–1912) was a physician and campaigner who fought for women’s access to university education.
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An Elizabethan widow's will
This ordinary will from 1587 gives us a glimpse of an Elizabethan woman’s concerns on her deathbed.
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The 1888 matchgirls' strike
In 1888, the women and girls employed by Bryant & May in the East End of London went out on strike. Why did these workers feel so driven to remove their labour?
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How the first women's refuge enacted change in the UK
The founding years of Chiswick Women’s Aid saw the opening of the world's first women's refuge, disputes with local government, and creating change in the UK.
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‘Not acceptable’: Gay Switchboard’s attempts to become a charity
LGBT+ Switchboard is one of the oldest telephone helplines supporting queer communities in the UK. Its journey to register as a charity was not easy.
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A medieval cold and flu remedy
Stale ale, ground nutmeg and mustard seeds – would you try these medieval cures for headaches and congestion? They give surprising insights into global trade.
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Printed circular produced by the National League of the Blind
In 1920, hundreds of members of the National League of the Blind (NLB) marched 200 miles to campaign for support. This printed circular explains what happened.